Fenghuang Ancient Town: The Past and Present of the Pearl of Western Hunan

Fenghuang Ancient Town, a brilliant pearl nestled in the southwestern part of the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province, is like a secluded treasure, exuding a unique and charming allure. It is a renowned historical and cultural city in China, as well as a national 5A-level tourist attraction, carrying profound historical heritage and rich ethnic customs. The ancient town covers a total area of about 4.39 square kilometers. It is surrounded by mountains and waters, with magnificent passes. The emerald Tuojiang River flows through the town, and the red sandstone city walls stand on the bank, complementing the ancient city towers. Inside the town, bluestone streets crisscross, and wooden stilted buildings along the river are arranged in a disorderly manner. There are also many characteristic residential buildings, temples, and pavilions from the Ming and Qing dynasties, with ancient and elegant bluestone streets winding through them, forming a picturesque and poetic landscape. ​​

Historical Origins: Echoes of Ancient Charm in the River of Time

The history of Fenghuang Ancient Town can be traced back to the distant Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, when it was part of the “Wuxi Miao Barbarian Land” and belonged to the territory of Chu. In the long historical evolution, its affiliation and name have undergone numerous changes. It was not until the forty-third year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1704) that Fenghuang Ancient Town was officially completed, thus beginning its glorious chapter. From its inception, the ancient town served as a military stronghold, shouldering the responsibility of guarding the peace of the region. As time went by and wars raged, the ancient town witnessed countless ups and downs, yet it still stood tall, becoming a faithful witness to history. Today, as you stroll along the bluestone streets of the ancient town and touch the ancient city walls, you can almost hear the echoes of history and feel the vicissitudes of time. ​​

Architectural Style: A Poetic Scroll of Mountains and Rivers Intertwined

The architectural style of Fenghuang Ancient Town is unique, perfectly blending natural landscapes with humanistic charm. The ancient town is nestled by mountains and rivers, with the Tuojiang River flowing through it like a green ribbon, adding a touch of dynamism to this ancient city. The red sandstone city walls wind along the riverbanks, ancient and solemn, like a sleeping dragon guarding the tranquility and peace of the ancient town. The East and North City Gates, weathered by hundreds of years of wind and rain, still stand tall and majestic, showcasing the past glory and honor to the people. ​​

On both sides of the Tuojiang River, stilted buildings with distinctive characteristics are arranged in a staggered manner. These stilted buildings are mostly wooden structures, supported by wooden pillars at the bottom, suspended above the water, forming a unique landscape. They are like a group of spirits living by the water, complementing each other with the Tuojiang River, creating a beautiful landscape painting. The craftsmanship of the stilted buildings is exquisite, with flying eaves and carved doors and windows, all showcasing the superb skills and unique ingenuity of ancient craftsmen. Every detail contains profound cultural connotations, as if telling ancient stories. In the early morning, when the first ray of sunlight falls on the stilted buildings, the golden light blends with the ancient architecture, creating a dreamlike scene; at night, when the lights are on, the stilted buildings, illuminated by the lights, are reflected in the Tuojiang River, shimmering and breathtaking. ​​

Humanistic Customs: The Blooming Charm of Colorful Folk Traditions

Fenghuang Ancient Town is a gathering place for ethnic minorities, mainly Miao and Tujia people, where various ethnic groups live in harmony and jointly create a rich and colorful ethnic culture. Miao clothing is vibrant and colorful, and silver ornaments jingle. Each piece of clothing is like a vivid history book, recording the history and legends of the ethnic group. The Tujia brocade weaving is exquisite and unparalleled. The Xilanka Pu, with its unique patterns and bright colors, showcases the Tujia people’s love for life and their beautiful aspirations. ​​

Here, ancient folk customs are still vibrant. On major festivals, grand celebrations are held in the ancient town, such as the Miao’s “April Eighth” and the Tujia’s “Baishou Dance.” People dress up in festive attire, singing and dancing, creating a lively atmosphere. Traditional operas such as Nuo Tang Opera and Yang Opera are sung and passed down in the ancient town. The actors vividly perform ancient stories, making the audience feel as if they have traveled through time and returned to the past. Folk crafts such as batik, paper cutting, and Miao silver jewelry have been passed down from generation to generation. Craftsmen breathe life into these traditional crafts with their hands, making them shine with unique brilliance in modern society. Walking through the alleys of the ancient town, you can see studios of folk artists everywhere. They create with focus, attracting tourists to stop and watch, and experience the charm of traditional crafts. ​​

Footprints of Celebrities: The Brilliant Starlight of Cultural Inheritance

Fenghuang Ancient Town is endowed with natural beauty and outstanding people, nurturing many outstanding talents. Shen Congwen, this master of modern Chinese literature, was born in this beautiful ancient town. His works, such as “Border Town” and “Xiangxing Sanji,” depict the customs and traditions of western Hunan with delicate brushstrokes, allowing the world to understand Fenghuang and leading Fenghuang to the world. Shen Congwen’s former residence is located at No. 10 Zhongying Street in the ancient town. This quadrangle courtyard, built in the fifth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1866), is where Mr. Shen Congwen spent his childhood and youth. The former residence displays Mr. Shen Congwen’s life events and creative works. Stepping inside, one can almost touch the threads of his thoughts and feel his deep affection for his hometown. ​​

Xiong Xiling, the first popularly elected cabinet premier of the Republic of China, was also an outstanding figure from Fenghuang Ancient Town. He made outstanding contributions in politics, education, and charity. Xiong Xiling’s former residence is also located in the ancient town. This ancient and simple building witnessed Mr. Xiong Xiling’s growth and allows future generations to commemorate his achievements. In addition, the famous painter Huang Yongyu is also the pride of Fenghuang Ancient Town. His artistic works have a unique style, full of love and praise for his hometown. The footprints of these celebrities have added a rich cultural heritage to Fenghuang Ancient Town and become the brilliant starlight of the ancient town’s cultural inheritance. ​​

Ticket Information and Preferential Policies

The ticket policy for Fenghuang Ancient Town scenic area is relatively flexible. Entry into the ancient town itself does not require a ticket. However, if you wish to visit some attractions within the ancient town, such as Shen Congwen’s former residence, Xiong Xiling’s former residence, Yang Family Ancestral Hall, East Gate Tower, Tuojiang River cruise, etc., you will need to purchase a joint ticket, which usually costs around 148 yuan/person (the price may vary due to seasons, policies, etc.). In addition, the scenic area also offers preferential policies for specific groups: ​​

• Children: Children under 1.2 meters are free; children between 1.2 and 1.5 meters can enjoy half-price discounts. ​​

• Seniors: Seniors aged 60 (inclusive) to 64 can enjoy half-price discounts during non-national statutory holidays, and seniors aged 65 (inclusive) and above are free. ​​

• Students: Full-time university undergraduate and below students with valid student IDs can enjoy half-price discounts. ​​

• Others: People with disabilities, active military personnel, retired military officers, etc., can enjoy free or discounted tickets with valid certificates. Specific details can be inquired with the scenic area staff or checked on the official announcement before purchasing tickets. ​​

Gourmet Delights: The Flavor of Xiangxi on the Tip of Your Tongue

The cuisine in Fenghuang Ancient Town is rich and diverse, with every dish exuding the strong flavor of western Hunan. Blood tofu duck is one of the most characteristic local dishes in Fenghuang and even western Hunan. Blood tofu is made from duck blood and glutinous rice, stir-fried with duck meat. The savory flavor of the duck meat and the soft texture of the blood tofu blend together, creating a rich taste that lingers in the mouth. Sour soup fish is also a signature dish of the region. Fresh fish is used, paired with special Miao pickled vegetables and tender tofu. The sour soup is made from spring water and fermented glutinous rice, with a sour, spicy, and refreshing taste that stimulates the appetite and cuts through richness. Fenghuang cured meat, smoked for a long time over a wood fire, has a reddish-brown color and a fragrant aroma. Whether sliced and stir-fried on its own or paired with other ingredients, it showcases a unique flavor. ​​

In addition to these signature dishes, the snacks in the ancient town are also not to be missed. Rice tofu has a smooth texture and is paired with spicy seasonings, making it irresistible; pickled radishes are sweet and sour, a perfect accompaniment to spicy food; rice dumplings are made with glutinous rice, wild wormwood, cured meat, and other ingredients, with a rich aroma full of the taste of nature. Walking through the streets of the ancient town, tasting these delicious snacks, and experiencing the flavor of western Hunan on your taste buds is a unique pleasure. ​​

Travel Tips

1. Choosing the Season: Fenghuang Ancient Town can be visited in all seasons, but each season has its own characteristics. In spring, everything revives, and the ancient town is full of vitality; summer is hot, but you can enjoy the coolness of a Tuojiang River cruise; autumn has clear skies and crisp air, and the ancient town scenery is pleasant; winter is relatively quiet, and you may encounter snow, which is a unique experience. However, summers have more rainfall, so remember to bring rain gear; winters are colder, so keep warm. ​​

2. Accommodation Arrangements: There are many B&Bs and inns to choose from within the ancient town, allowing you to better experience the atmosphere of the ancient town. However, during peak tourist seasons, such as holidays and summer vacations, accommodation is tight, and it is recommended to book in advance. When booking, you can check reviews from other travelers to choose a cost-effective and comfortable place to stay. At the same time, be sure to confirm the price, room type, facilities, and other details with the merchant to avoid disputes. ​​

3. Shopping and Consumption: There are many specialty shops in the ancient town selling handicrafts and souvenirs such as batik, paper cutting, Miao silver jewelry, and cinnabar. When purchasing, pay attention to distinguishing quality and authenticity. For higher-priced items, you can bargain appropriately. In addition, when dining, pay attention to checking the menu prices to avoid overcharging. ​​

4. Respecting Customs: Fenghuang Ancient Town is a gathering place for ethnic minorities. Respect local customs and traditions. For example, the Miao people have specific taboos and rituals during some festivals and activities. Do not interfere or disrupt them at will. When communicating with local residents, maintain politeness and humility, and demonstrate good tourist etiquette. ​​

5. Safety Issues: The roads in the ancient town are narrow, and there are many tourists. Walk safely and avoid collisions. When playing by the Tuojiang River, especially when taking a boat trip, be sure to wear a life jacket, follow the staff’s instructions, and do not play or fool around on the boat. In addition, keep your personal belongings safe, especially in crowded places, to prevent loss. ​​

Fenghuang Ancient Town, this charming city that blends history, culture, nature, and cuisine, is like an ancient poem and a magnificent scroll, waiting for every tourist to savor and appreciate. Whether you are tracing the footsteps of history, exploring the mysteries of ethnic culture, or indulging in the temptation of food, Fenghuang Ancient Town can meet your expectations. Here, you can slow down, feel the flow of time, experience the unique charm of western Hunan, and leave behind a memorable and beautiful memory. ​​